Your portal to Puerto Rico Genealogy!

 Relationships

How are we related?  Do you know who your 3rd cousin once removed is?  

Calculating the relationship between two people is often a confusing issue. Hopefully this page of charts, explanations, definitions and examples will help you figure that out.

Let's get started!

How many ancestors do you have?

You Have:
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
256
512
1,024
2,048
4,096
8,192
16,384
32,768
65,536
131,072
262,144
524,288
1,048,576
2,097,152
4,194,304
parents
grandparents
great grandparents
2nd great grandparents
3rd great grandparents
4th great grandparents
5th great grandparents
6th great grandparents
7th great grandparents
8th great grandparents
9th great grandparents
10th great grandparents
11th great grandparents
12th great grandparents
13th great grandparents
14th great grandparents
15th great grandparents
16th great grandparents
17th great grandparents
18th great grandparents
19th great grandparents
20th great grandparents

Let's now include the rest of the family and this is...

Generations

YOUR KINSHIP CHART

-8 6th great grandparents (256)
-7 5th great grandparents (128) 5th great grand uncles/aunts
-6 4th great grandparents (64) 4th great grand uncles/aunts 1st cousins 6x removed
-5 3rd great grandparents (32) 3rd great grand uncles/aunts 1st cousins 5x removed 2nd cousins 5x removed
-4 great-great grandparents (16) 2nd great grand uncles/aunts 1st cousins 4x removed 2nd cousins 4x removed 3rd cousins 4x removed
-3 great grandparents (8) great grand uncles/aunts 1st cousins 3x removed 2nd cousins 3x removed 3rd cousins 3x removed 4th cousins 3x removed
-2 your grandparents (4) grand uncles/aunts 1st cousins 2x removed 2nd cousins 2x removed 3rd cousins 2x removed 4th cousins 2x removed 5th cousins 2x removed
-1 your parents (2) uncles/aunts 1st cousin 1x removed 2nd cousins 1x removed 3rd cousins 1x removed 4th cousins 1x removed 5th cousins 1x removed 6th cousins 1x removed
0 YOU your brothers/ sisters 1st cousins 2nd cousins 3rd cousins 4th cousins 5th cousins 6th cousins 7th cousins
+1 your children nephew/ nieces 1st cousins 1x removed 2nd cousins 1x removed 3rd cousins 1x removed 4th cousins 1x removed 5th cousins 1x removed 6th cousins 1x removed 7th cousins 1x removed
+2 your grandkids grand nephew/ nieces 1st cousins 2x removed 2nd cousins 2x removed 3rd cousins 2x removed 4th cousins 2x removed 5th cousins 2x removed 6th cousins 2x removed 7th cousins 2x removed
+3 your great grandkids 2nd grand nephew/ nieces 1st cousins 3x removed 2nd cousins 3x removed 3rd cousins 3x removed 4th cousins 3x removed 5th cousins 3x removed 6th cousins 3x removed 7th cousins 3x removed

x = times as in 2 times removed

How about some relationships and definitions

AHNENTAFEL - another type of pedigree chart in the form of a table or list. A numbering system used to identify each individual in a family tree. From the German ahnen meaning ancestor, and tafel, table or list.

ANCESTOR - is a person from whom you are descended - parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, great-great-grandparents and so on.

COLLATERAL RELATIONSHIPS - are relationships between individuals who descend from common ancestors but are not related to each other in a direct (or lineal) line. These relationships include your brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins. While it is not necessary to trace these collateral lines when researching your family tree, they can often lead you to clues about your ancestors when you have reached a brick wall.

COMMON ANCESTOR- One shared by any two or more people.

COUSIN (a.k.a. "First Cousin") - People in your family who have two of the same grandparents as you. In other words, they are the children of your aunts and uncles.

  • Second Cousin - People in your family who have the same great-grandparents as you, but not the same grandparents.
  • Third Cousin - People in your family who have the same great-great-grandparents.
  • Fourth Cousin - People in your family who have the same great-great-great-grandparents, and so on.

When cousins descend from common ancestors by a different number of generations they are called “removed.”

  • Once removed means there is a difference of one generation. Your mother's first cousin would be your first cousin, once removed. She is one generation younger than your grandparents and you are two generations younger than your grandparents.
  • Twice removed means that there is a two-generation difference. Your grandmother's first cousin would be your first cousin, twice removed because you are separated by two generations.

DECENDANTS - your children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and so on.

DIRECT LINE - descent from an ancestor through succeeding children.

GENEALOGY - This is the study of family history . An account of the descent of a person, family or group from an ancestor.

HALF RELATIONSHIPS - Exist between individuals who have a common ancestor but descend from different spouses of that ancestor. For example, half-brothers may have the same father but different mothers or the same mother but different fathers. The children of these half-brothers would be half-cousins, because they share only one of the grandparents. Half-relationships are still considered consanguineous (blood) relationships along the line which the two individuals share.

ILLEGITIMATE - Born to a mother who was not married to the child's father.

IN-LAW - this term is used for any familial relationship that occurred from a marriage; a woman's father-in-law could be her husband's father or her stepfather; her son-in-law could be her daughter's husband or her own stepson

LINEAL RELATIONSHIP - The relationship between you and your ancestors and descendants.

MATERNAL - Related through one's mother. Maternal grandmother is the mother's mother.

NEPHEW - son of one's brother or sister.

NIECE - daughter of one's brother or sister.

PATERNAL - Related through one's father. Paternal grandmother is the father's mother.

PEDIGREE CHART - A chart showing the lines of your direct ancestors.

PROGENITOR - An originator of a line of descent; a direct ancestor

STEP RELATIONSHIPS - (including "in-law" relationships) are relationships which occur through marriage. Your relationships with your step-relatives are not consanguineous as they are only related to you through marriage, not blood. They are not considered a part of your direct or lineal lines, but they can still be an important part of your family tree.

And finally, some English to Spanish translations

grandparents Abuelos
great grandparents Bisabuelo(a)
4th great grandparents Tatarabuelo(a)
5th great grandparents Cuatriabuelo(a) o Chozno
o Trastatarabuelo(a)
6th great grandparents Pentabuelo(a)
7th great grandparents Hexabuelo(a)
8th great grandparents Heptabuelo(a)
9th great grandparents Octabuelo(a)
10th great grandparents Nonabuelo(a) o Eneabuelo(a)
11th great grandparents Decabuelo(a)
12th great grandparents Endecabuelo(a)
13th great grandparents Dodecabuelo(a) o Decabisabuelo(a)
Brother(sister)-in-law Cuñado(a) o hermano(a) político(a)
Brothers
|| m. brother || f. sister
Hermanos
|| v. hermano || h. hermana
Children
|| m. son || f. daughter
Hijos
|| v. hijo || h. hija
Cousins - first Primo(a) hermano(a) o primo(a) carnal
Cousins - second Primo(a) segundo(a)
Cousins - third Primo(a) tercero(a)
Daughter-in-law Nuera
Father(mother)-in-law Suegro(a)
Foster brother(sister) Hermano(a) de leche
Grandchild
|| m. grandson || f. granddaughter
Nieto(a)
Grandnephew(niece) Resobrino(a)
Grandparents
|| m. grandfather || f. grandmother
Abuelos
|| v. abuelo || h. abuela
Grandson(daughter) See Grandchild
Granduncles
|| m. granduncle || f. grandaunt
Tíos abuelos
|| v. tío abuelo || h. tía abuela
Great grandfather(mother) Bisabuelo(a)
Great-grandchild
|| m. great-grandson || f. great-granddaughter
Bisnieto(a)
Great-great grandchild
|| m. great-great-grandson
|| f. great-great-granddaughter
Tataranieto(a)
Great-great grandparents Tatarabuelo(a) o Transbisabuelo(a)
Half brother(sister) Medio hermano (Media hermana)
Nephew(niece) Sobrino(a)
Parents
|| m. father || f. mother
Padres
|| v. padre || h. madre
Siamese brothers(sisters) Hermanos(as) siameses
Son(daughter) See Children
Son-in-law Yerno
Stepbrother(sister) Hermanastro(a) o medio hermano(a)
Stepparents
|| m. stepfather || f. stepmother
Padrastros
|| v. padrastro || h. madrastra
Stepson(daughter) Hijastro(a)
Uncles
|| m. uncle || f. aunt
Tíos
|| v. tío || h. tía

 

Whew!  Did you get it?

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Last Update January 8, 2005
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