1899-A Porto Rican school under
the old (spanish) regime


Your portal to Puerto Rico Genealogy!

Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Carlisle, PA
(1879-1918)

Academy Building

Student body assembled
on the Carlisle Indian
School Grounds.

Main Gate

1903- Native Americans
During Mathematics
Class

Cemetery

Football team, 1903

Remaining Buildings of
Carlisle Indian School at
U.S. Army War College

Some History!

Captain Richard Henry Pratt, 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers was the founder and director of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, PA until 1904.  

In 1892 Pratt stated: "A great general has said that the only good Indian is a dead one, and that high sanction of his destruction has been an enormous factor in promoting Indian massacres. In a sense, I agree with the sentiment, but only in this: that all the Indian there is in the race should be dead. Kill the Indian in him, and save the man." This is a very strong citation to ponder about.

Pratt opened Carlisle Industrial Training school on November 1, 1879. At Carlisle Pratt founded a multi-tribal, co-educational school that isolated the students from their tribal cultures and attempted to fully assimilate the students into a European lifestyle. In its now nearly perfected form the school employed military, cadet-like training to teach the English language, basic academics, industrial training focused largely on agricultural skills, the importance of hard manual labor, and the need for remunerative employment.

To further reinforce the value of the work ethic Pratt adopted the "outing system," in which student labor was contracted out to local farmers and other businesses, with the student receiving at least some of the wages earned. Native languages were banned and Christianity was strongly encouraged.

Illness and death among the children were common. Many of the children suffered from separation anxiety, smallpox and tuberculosis. As most of the children were sent back to their reservations, many others passed away at the school, which made it necessary for a cemetery. A hundred and ninety children (non Puerto Ricans) are buried in the cemetery, with the majority of those buried are from the Apache tribe. As far as historians can tell, all Puerto Rican children returned home.

Carlisle became the model for a vision of Indian education that built upon military subjugation to achieve cultural assimilation. Pratt would remain at the school until his removal in 1904, and continue to argue vigorously for his vision of Indian education until his death in 1924. The General Allotment Act of 1887, more commonly referred to as the Dawes Act, incorporated the Carlisle model into government policy.

The schools continued into the '30s until administrators saw that the promised opportunities for Indian students would not materialize, theat they would not become "imitation white men." Native Americans who attended the schools help tell the story of a humanist experiment gone bad, and its consequences for a generation of Indians."

The Puerto Rican Connection!

The first Puerto Ricans who studied in Carlisle were taken to the United States by American soldiers who returned to their country when concluding their participation in the Spanish-American war of 1898.

It seems that the majority of the Puerto Rican youngsters sent to Carlisle were the children of well-to-do families of Puerto Rico.  They were sent to Carlisle as part of a very structured and open program to Americanize the Puerto Ricans following the Spanish American War. Council Bill 12, enacted in 1901, the Puerto Rican Legislature Bill 21 (1901), and later on House Bill 35, provided for scholarship money for twenty men and women to study at technical industrial schools in the United States.

Although it is not know what the young children experiences in Carlisle were, most of the youngsters who attended this school, returned to Puerto Rico and were extremely successful individuals. However, let it be know that very little information is available that can truly shed some light of the actual conditions and treatment of the Puerto Rican students.

  Items available on this page:

1900 US Federal Census
[Click on image to view on a new browser]

Roster of Carlisle Puerto Rican Students

Please note that this is probably not a complete list and researchers should
look further for additional information and or names of students.

Name DOB Address Arrival Departure Reason for Departure
Arce Pagan, Emilio de - - Feb 1911 Oct 1911 Didn't return
Ayarro, Jose 1882 - Mar 1899 Feb 1905 "Time out".
Blanco, Antonio - San Juan Aug 1901 Jul 1904 Parents request
Borreli, Adela [1] - Ponce Sep 1900 Apr 1905 Administrative Order
Calderin, Francisco - San Juan May 1901 Sep 1901 Mother's request
Castro, Maria M. 1883 Mayagüez May 1901 Aug 1903 Family request
De Jesus Martinez, Miguel [2] 1883 Ciales 25 Apr 1901 8 Jan 1904 Economy reasons
De Jesus, Luis - Río Grande Jul 1902 Jan 1903 Health problems.
Duchesne Mondriguez, Concebida [3] 1888 Fajardo 21 May 1901 Aug 1904 Adopted
Espendez, Isabel - Guayama May 1901 Aug 1902 "Orden del Cónsul"
Fernandez, Julio [4] - San Juan May 1901 Sep 1902 Irresponsabilidad/
solicitud del padre
Figueroa, Vicente [5] 1880 Guayama Sep 1899 Aug 1904 "Time out"
Flores, Jose - Barceloneta May 1901 Jun 1903 Father's request
Gallardo Lara, Carlos - - Jul 1900 May 1902 Changed school
Garnier Suarez, Matilde [6] 1883 Ponce 30 Sep 1900 Apr 1905 -
Gaudier, Rafael - Mayagüez May 1901 Nov 1902 Ran Away
Gonzalez, Fernando - - May 1901 Mar 1905 Administrative Order
Gonzalo or Gonzalez, Esperanza [7] 1887 San Juan May 1901 1905 Administrative Order
Gonzalo, Jose [8] 1900 San Juan Sep 1912 Jan 1917 Parents request
Hidalgo Ballester, Manuel - - Sep 1909 Apr 1912 Expulsión
Hoheb, Julio A. - - May 1901 Apr 1904 Administrative Order
Lopez Fagundo, Ramon [9] 1885 - May 1901 28 Feb 1903 Health problems.
Martinez, Levia - Ponce Jul 1901 Sep 1904 Family request
Martinez, Providencia (o Prudencia) [10] - Ponce Nov 1901 Sep 1904 Economy reasons
Medina, Felicita 1882 - Sep 1900 Sep 1902 Health problems.
Menendez, Joaquin - - - - No more information given.
Menendez, Joaquina - - May 1901 - No more information given
Montano, Santiago - - May 1901 Sep 1901 Ran Away
Morales, Olimpia 1889 Hatillo May 1901 Aug 1904 Family request
Musignac, Pedro Enrique - Ponce Jul 1901 Feb 1903 Health problems.
Nieves, Dolores [11] 1887 Caguas May 1901 - No more information given
Nin Elias, Belen Maria [12] 1884 San Juan May 1901 Mar 1905 Family request
Orriolo, Nemesia - Arecibo Jul 1901 - No more information given
Ortega, Rafael - San Juan May 1901 May 1904 No se graduó de CIIS.
Se graduó de Carlisle
Business School
 
Osuna Rodriguez, Juan Jose [13]
24 Jun 1884 Caguas 2 May 1901 1905 Administrative Order
Padin, Emiliano - - May 1901 1904 Work offer in Pennsylvania
Pagan Rosell, Oscar [14] 1885 - Jun 1901 Jul 1904 -
Pagan, Antonio [15] 1885 - Jul 1901 Sep 1901 Ran Away
Pasarell, Eduardo 1884 Yauco Apr 1901 May 1902 Transfer to the university
Piñero Rodriguez, Antonio [16] 1886 Río Piedras 21 May 1901 Sep 1902 Father's request
Prado, Jose - - Nov 1913 Aug 1918 -
Pueto Elias, Fidel - - Jun 1901 - Was visiting
Ramanal, Ramon - - Nov 1901 Jun 1905 Administrative Order
Rivera, Angela - - Nov 1901 - No more information given
Rodriguez, Antonio - - May 1901 Mar 1905 Graduated
Rodriguez, Castulo - Barranquitas Jan 1901 May 1902 Ran Away
Rodriguez, Jose C. 1888 San Juan May 1901 Jun 1905 Administrative Order
Rosario, Aurora - Juncos May 1901 Jun 1905 Administrative Order
Ruiz Rexach, Manuel [17] 1885 - - - No more information given
Sanchez, Luis 1885 - Sep 1899 Sep 1901 Ran Away
Santaella, Maria A. - - May 1901 1905 Administrative Order
Santana, Juan 1883 - Nov 1898 Apr 1904 -
Schultz, Milagros - Aguadilla Jul 1901 - Administrative Order
Segui, Paul [18] 1882 Ponce Oct 1900 31 Dec 1904 Left to work in Philadelphia
Seijo, Felix - Utuado mayo 1901 Sep 1903 Parents request
Torres Reyes, Antonio - - Aug 1901 May 1903 Father's request
Urrutia, Enrique [19] - San Juan Apr 1901 Apr 1905 Administrative Order
Valdezate, Zoraida - - Sep 1900 1905 Graduated
Vargas, Paul - - Jun 1910 Aug 1910 Temporary Student
Vasquez, Fernando [20] 1888 Guayama May 1901 Jun 1905 Administrative Order
Velez, Elvira [21] - Lajas Jul 1901 - No more information given

Notes:

[1]

Returned to Ponce, where she lived until 1914, then moved to Cuba with her husband.

[2]

Abt. 1907 he married Elisa Roure Rodriguez. In 1910 he was residing in San Sebastián, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Norzagaray, ED 350, Hoja 11B.

[3]

18 Jan 1902, went to live with Mrs. I. F. Merrill, of PA as part of the "Outing Program" and was adopted by her. Married a radio announcer, Joe Saldaña and had a son. In 1910 her mother (Tomasa) and brothers (Olimpio & Francisca) where residing in Fajardo, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Sur, ED 1015, Hoja 52B.

[4]

The Cumberland County Historical Society have a photo (CS-23) of him.

[5]

Married Louise Taylor, a resident of Carlisle. He lived and worked in Pennsylvania as a concrete finisher.

[6]

Married Manuel Casanovas Nuzo. In 1910 she was living in Ponce, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Segundo, ED 622, Hoja 52B.

[7]

Sister of Jose Gonzalo. In 1911 was living in Central Vannina in Río Piedras with husband Jose Castro Feliu. Prior to marriage she worked as Spanish Stenographer at the office of the District Attorney of the District Court of San Juan and as English Stenographer of the lawyers firm Sweet, Rossy & Campillo. In 1910 she was living in San Juan, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Mercado, ED 4, Hoja 1B.

[8]

Brother of Esperanza Gonzalo

[9]

Married Dolores García Rivera from Río Piedras .In 1910 he was living in Río Piedras, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Pueblo, ED 951, Hoja 33B.

[10]

Went to work in New Jersey. In 1911 was living in Ponce.

[11]

Married Herbert Norton and had a son, husband later died

[12]

In 1910 worked as a stenographer in the private office of Mr. R. A. Macfie, an Englishman. In 1910 she was living in Bayamón, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Cataño, ED 36, Hoja 4A.

[13]

Died: 18 May 1950 in Arlington, VA. In 1910 he was living in Caguas, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Turabo, ED 930, Hoja 14A.

[14]

Married in 1909 to Catalina Vivaldi Pacheco. Sister Rosalina. In 1910 he was living in Yauco, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Guánica, ED 572, Hoja 39B.

[15]

Studied at Bloomsburg State Normal School in PA but didn't graduate. In 1911 worked as a train dispatcher in Central azucarera in Guánica, Married Catalina Vivaldi from Yauco. See Oscar Pagan Rosell, census confirms that he was the one married to Catalina.

[16]

Married Maria Abrams Alvarez. In 1910 he was living in Quebradillas, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Pueblo Norte, ED 290, Hoja 15A.

[17]

In 1910 he was living in San Juan, see 1910 US Census, Bo. Catedral, ED 7, Hoja 26A.

[18]

Married María Gibbons in Philadelphia. By 1913 he had 2 children and was a funeral director in San Juan

[19]

Buried in Arlington National Cemetery

[20]

Returned to Guayama and worked as a clerk for Porto Rico Irrigation Service in Guayama

[21]

Father: Francisco Velez Pagan, mayor of Lajas. Elvira married Gustavo Grana.

[Back to Available Items]

Carlisle Newspapers and Magazines


The Indian Helper
1885-1900
Published weekly every Friday

The newspapers published by the Carlisle Indian Industrial School are primary sources highly propagandistic. They were written by Indian School students as part of their printing training, under the heavy editorial eye of the school administrators, especially the founding father, Richard Henry Pratt, whose tenure at Carlisle covered the period from 1879 until his dismissal in 1904.

Each issue of the monthly magazines espoused some philosophical article pertaining to the merits of assimilation and/or allotment. The weeklies typically held news items for events at the school and of students who participated. Also included in these was news of former students chronicling their lives as reported in their letters back to "dear old Carlisle." The names of these papers changed frequently and tracking this is somewhat challenging.

The following are transcribed clippings from some of the newspapers:

THE INDIAN HELPER
November 25, 1898

The Major told the school last Saturday night that we were to have a Portorican student before long. Hurrah! The Indians will give him a warm welcome and treat him well. ----------------------------------------------------- THE INDIAN HELPER
December 2, 1898

The young man from Porto Rico has arrived. He is about 16, speaks very little English, but is fast making friends among the California and New Mexico boys who speak Spanish. He will soon learn English. In his first interview with Major Pratt he volunteered this information: "Me Boston; Me Concord; Me come Carlisle." When he saw it snowing this week he thought it was ice cream, such as he had been treated to in Boston, coming down from the clouds, "but this no sweet." His name is Juan Sultano, now an Americano.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE INDIAN HELPER

January 27, 1899

GENERAL EATON.

It is eminently fitting that the school teacher should follow the soldier into Porto Rico. If there is anyone who can successfully light the lamp of learning in the island it should be General Eaton, who started so successfully the same work among the freedmen of the south at the close of the civil war. -[Omaha Bee.

General Eaton is one of Carlisle's staunchest friends, and we are glad that he has been selected for such an honored position as Commissioner of Education in Porto Rico, which he so eminently fortified by experience and influence to fill.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE INDIAN HELPER
March 17, 1899

We have another addition of a Porto Rican who was brought from New Castle, this State, by Mr. James M. Hamilton. The boy's name is Jose Ayarro. That he will do his best to obey orders was evidenced the other day when the bell rang, without waiting to fall in. He had not learned that he was to go in line with the others. His one idea was to get to school as soon after the bell rang as possible, and not until he arrived in his classroom did he find his mistake.
-----------------------------------------------------

THE INDIAN HELPER

March 24, 1899

General Eaton, Commissioner of Education in Porto Rico, has sent to Carlisle for Sloyd points, and wants to know if we can take a party of Porto Ricans.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE INDIAN HELPER
April 7, 1899

The announcement this week, that Miss Shaffner is to be married was a cyclone of surprise from a clear sky. Before the HELPER is printed next week, Miss Ruth Shaffner, in charge of girls, will become Mrs. Ruth Shaffner-Etnier. Mr. Charles S. Etnier, of Philadelphia, wins the prize. On next Wednesday, Miss Shaffner leaves Carlisle for Ponce, Porto Rico. En route, she will be married Thursday afternoon, at the house of a friend in the City of Brotherly Love. From there, at two o'clock the wedded couple will take the train for New York, and the next day, Friday, the 14th, will sail from New York. Mr. Etnier has charge of the books of the Porto Rico and Ponce Improvement Company, recently organized on a large scale. Miss Shaffner as a World's Organizer of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union will find plenty of work in the diamond of the Antilles. Ponce is a city of some forty thousand inhabitants, and the climate of the island is charming and salubrious. The affair is nearly as sudden for the contracting parties as for their friends, for not until a few days ago did Mr. Etnier expect to leave Philadelphia so soon. Miss Shaffner's place at the school has been one of prominence and good works, and she will be greatly missed by the girls whom she has mothered so efficiently for seven years, and by the school in general, which will loose a faithful, energetic and loyal worker for all good causes.
-----------------------------------------------------
THIS IS CARLISLE PI 1-3-3

p. 87 Zoraida Valdezate, Porto Rican (class 1904)

p. 88 Jose Osuan, Manuael Rexach, Angela Rivera, Antonio Rodriquez, Maria Santaella, [all Porto Rican - class 1905]
-----------------------------------------------------
INDIAN HELPER
(1899) p.3

Jose Ayarro, one of the boys from Porto Rico, had an experience with some bees, and when Mr. Jordan asked him what was the matter he said -- "Fly scratch me," when the bees had stung him several times on the neck.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
9/14/1900

SENIORS JUNIORS AND FOOTBALLERS WHO CAME FROM THE COUNTRY TO BEGIN SCHOOL, SEPT. 3. ...Louis Sanches
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
9/21/1900

RETURNED FROM COUNTRY HOMES SINCE THE 11TH ...Louis Sanchez
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
August 30, 1901 & September 6, 1901

[unedited]

Senores Jose J. Rsnms and Luis Muñoz Rivera, are visiting the Porto Rican youth and the school. Senor Rivera is the editor of the PuertoRico Herald, New York.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
9/14/1901

MAN-ON-THE-BAND-STAND CORNER: Mr. L.C. Bortree, of Moscow, Deputy Sheriff, of Lackawana County, stopped off for a brief visit to the school, on his way home from Gettysburg, where he had been in attendance upon a Grand Army Convention. Mr. Bortree is a particular friend of Castulo Rodriguez, one of our printers. His son is now in Porto Rico. Castulo came north with him about a year ago, and so-journed for awhile in Moscow, before coming to Carlisle.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
2/28/1902

MOTBS:

Two of our Porto Rican girls lost their trunks in Gettysburg Junction fire on Friday night...... Manuel Rexach has joined the printers' corps.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
3/11/1902

MOTBS:

Angela Rivera, who went to New York, writes that she misses Carlisle friends very much. She has to study hard, but she is a brave little girl, and will succeed.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
4/4/1902

MOTBS:

Antonio Rodriguez has exchanged his profession of tailor of that of farmer of the summer, where he can build up in health, and gain some ready cash. --

The Porto Rican girls are contented in the country and most of them are improving very much with their English; for this reason the ones that are here are anxious to go out to the country.--
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
8/20/1902

MOTBS:

Maria Mercedes Castro, one of our Porto rican girls, came in from the country a few days ago, and expects to go to the Bloomsburg Normal school.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
9/19/1902

MOTBS

Several of the Porto Ricans have "struck out" in earnest on English. Now they will begin to improve as they never have before.-- Henry Smith, Levi Webster...Manuel Rexach...are the last printers in from the country to report for duty.

The Porto Rican girls are anxious this year to learn good English, for they have meadowy promise among themselves not to talk any word in their Spanish for the rest of this year.

One of the Porto Rican boys says that American teachers are like molasses, but the Porto Rican teachers are like iron. The Man-on-the-band- stand hardly knows whether to take the contrast as a compliment or not, for the opposite of iron is "soft;" it is believed, however, that he meant "sweet."
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
5/8/1903

VOICES FROM THE COUNTRY.

Angela Rivera writes from Bloomsburg where she is attending the Normal: "I do not find the work in either the dining room or school room too hard. I guess it is because I want to do it."
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
5/15/1903

THE SENIORS GIVE THEIR LAST ENTERTAINMENT FOR THE SEASON.

Zoraida Valdezate and Ella Petosky gave a scene from the Merchant of Venice, and did it very well. In this scene George Balenti took the part of an attendant.

FROM A PORTO RICAN IN A COUNTRY HOME

Milagro Schulze writes to Col. Pratt in good English as follows: "I came up hear from Porto Rico two years next July and I did not know how to speak a word of English. I go to school here in Kennett Square and I work hard at school and get promoted twice a year. I feel sorry of the other Porto Ricans who don't stay in the country. If I did not have a strong will I never would have stuck this long. I hope you will permit me to remain here until I graduate, then I will go home and teach my people the ways and customs of the northern people. My favorite studies are history and biography. One of the great men I read about and admired very much was Abraham Lincoln. I thank you very much for your kindness to me, and if I can never repay you with anything else I will with gratitude."
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
1903 (vol. 19, No. 29, p. 3)

MOTBS:

Printer Matilde Garnier has come in from the country to join her class, that of 1906.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
4/10/1903

Photo that we think may include Emmanuel Rexach
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
4/17/1903

Photo caption: Indian and Porto Rican sit down and study together. Manuel Rexach, the Porto Rican is the boy on the right. He is now attending Commercial College in town and boards at the school.
-----------------------------------------------------
RED MAN HELPER
6/19/1903

MOTBS:

Esperanza Gonzalo, of Port Rico, and Patrick Verney, of Alaska, have entered the printing office this week. The ends of the earth do meet at Carlisle.
-----------------------------------------------------

RED MAN HELPER
8/25/1904

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Some of our Porto Ricans have enjoyed meeting with friends and relatives from their home, who came with the company of teachers that spent the summer in the States. Among others were Julio Hoheb and Esperanza Gonzalo, who went to Phila. The latter saw her sister but for a day, and she says by letter that it was one of the happiest days of her life. The Porto Rican teachers were somewhat astonished to hear her using the English she does. She saw Rafael Ortega and Enrique Rexach who graduated from Dickinson College. The teachers have enjoyed America. Esperanza is living with Mrs. Edge of Downingtown and has with her Ida Bruce. They are in love with their summer home and country mother, and are very well.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE ARROW
3/23/1905

OUR SPANISH POSSESSION, by Antonio Rodriguez.

(article copied)
-----------------------------------------------------

PHOTO class of 1904

PHOTO class of 1905

Not pictured:

Puerto Ricans - Emiliano Padin, Manuel Rexach, Maria A. Santella, Angela Rivera, Jose Osuna.
-----------------------------------------------------
PHOTO CLASS of 1905RM vol. V, no. 6, p. 266

"A couple of days ago, Paul Sequi, Porto Rican and ex-student of Carlisle, returned to his native island after seven years' absence. He is married and is the manager for Bartolome Sequi & Sons, funeral directors, with officers in San Juan and Ponce.

"Manual (Emanuel) Ruiz Rexach, of the Class of 1905 of Carlisle, has been married recently and has a job as clerk in the civil service in San Juan, P.R. Also Antonio Rodriguez of the same class has a good job as internal revenue collector on the island.

"Henry (Enrique) Urrutia, ex-student of Carlisle, is married. Henry passed the examination for first lieutenant in the Porto Rican Regiment and is now stationed at Henry Barracks, at Cayey, P.R. Angela Rivera and Maria Santaella of Class 1905, Carlisle, are employed as teachers by the Department of Education. So much for graduates and ex-students. "I am going to move my office from where I have been for just four years to the new modern Royal Bank of Canada Building, which will be completed by February 1, 1913."
-----------------------------------------------------
THE ARROW
May 7, 1905

Enrique Urrutia, one of our Porto Rican students who left in '05, writes that he is working at the Naval Station, San Juan, P. R., and that Dr. James Johnson; our former coach, has opened a dental office there. Enrique sends his best regards to all his acquaintances at Carlisle.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE ARROW
October 23, 1908

Still Advancing.

Enrique Urrutia, a former Carlisler, writes the following cheering letter from San Juan, Porto Rico:

" Now I will kindly ask you to remember me through the ARROW to my friends at Carlisle and let them know that all the ex-students from Porto Rico ( the boys ) are doing well.

Antonio Rodriguez, Class '05, received a letter from James Johnson in which he said he will make a visit to Porto Rico in the first part of next December. I, like the other boys here at San Juan, P. R., who are Manuel Ruiz, Julio Hoheb, Antonio Rodriguez and the undersigned, were glad to hear that Carlisle's star quarter-back of the 1903 football team and all-American quarter-back for the same year; will soon land on our shores. We will do all we can to make his stay here as pleasant a time as he ever had.

" I am working at the U. S. Naval Station, San Juan, P. R., as clerk to the Paymaster, U. S. N., at $4.00 per day. It is three years since I left Carlisle, but still think it was yesterday."
-----------------------------------------------------
THE ARROW
May 6, 1910

Enrique Urrutia, a Porto Rican who spent three years at Carlisle, returning to his home in 1905, is now occupying a position at the Naval Station at San Juan, P. R. He expects to take an examination for a second lieutenantship in the Porto-Rican Regiment of infantry next fall. In a recent letter to the superintendent he asks to be remembered through THE ARROW to all his Carlisle friends.
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THE RED MAN, vol. 4, #1, p. 42 - 1911

Providencia Martinez in a letter to Mr. Friedman from Porto Rico says that she will always be very glad she came to Carlisle. She learned to like the Indians very much and had many helpful experiences. She sends greetings to all her old friends.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE RED MAN, vol. 5, #1, p. 41 - 1912

Jose Osuna, Class of 1905, writes to Superintendent Friedman from State College, Pa, under date of June 15, as follows:

I believe my Carlisle friends will be glad to hear that I have just completed my college course. I look back to my days at Carlisle with a great deal of pleasure. In September, I hope to enter Princeton Theological Seminary in preparation for the Presbyterian ministry.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE RED MAN, vol. 8, #21, p. 100 - 1912

Emilio DeArce, a former student who left school last year, has gone to Rochester, N.Y., to learn to be a chauffeur.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE RED MAN
vol. 6, #5, p. 206 - 1913

Jose Osuna writes from the Theological Seminary, Princeton, N.J., that he is a student there. Present address, 8 Alexander Hall.
-----------------------------------------------------
CARLISLE ARROW
January 10, 1913

"Henry (Enrique) Urrutia, ex-student of Carlisle, is married. Henry passed the examination for first lieutenant in the Porto Rican Regiment and is now stationed at Henry Barracks, at Cayey, P. R. Angela Rivera and Maria San taella of Class 1905, Carlisle, are employed as teachers by the Department of Education."
-----------------------------------------------------
CARLISLE ARROW
vol. 10, #1, 1913

HOLDS RESPONSIBLE POSITION IN PORTO RICO.

J. A. E. Rodriguez, a Porto Rican, who graduated from Carlisle in 1905, is now employed by the Insular Government of Porto Rico in the office of the Auditor as an expert accountant, with a compensation of $2,000 per annum and a per diem of $2.50 when on the road. Mr. Rodriquez is also president and treasurer of the San Juan Base Ball Grounds Association.
-----------------------------------------------------
THE ARROW
January 10, 1913

"A couple of days ago, Paul Sequi, a Porto Rican and ex-student of Carlisle just-returned to his native island after seven years' absence. He is married and is the manager for Bartolome Sequi & Son, funeral directors, with offices in San Juan and Ponce, Porto Rico; Manuel (Emanuel) Ruiz Rexach, of the Class of 1905 of Carlisle, has been married recently and has a job as clerk in the civil service in San Juan, P. R. Also Antonio Rodriguez of the same class has a good job as internal-revenue collector on the island.

"Henry (Enrique) Urrutia, ex-student of Carlisle, is married. Henry passed the examination for first lieutenant in the Porto Rican Regiment and is now stationed at Henry Barracks, at Cayey, P. R. Angela Rivera and Maria Santaella of Class 1905, Carlisle, are employed as teachers by the Department of Education."

"A couple of days ago, Paul Sequi, Porto Rican and ex-student of Carlisle, returned to his native island after seven years' absence. He is married and is the manager for Bartolome Sequi & Son, funeral directors with offices in San Juan and Ponce.

"Manual (Emanuel) Ruiz Rexach of the Class of 1905 of Carlisle, has been married recently and has a job as clerk in the civil service in San Juan. P. R Also Antonio Rodriguez of the same class has a good job as internal revenue collector on the island.

"Henry (Enrique) Urrutia, ex-student of Carlisle, is married. Henry passed the examination for first lieutenant in the Porto Rican Regiment and is now stationed at Henry Barracks, at Clayey, P. R. Angela Kirera and Maria Santaella of Class 1905, Carlisle, are employed as teachers by the Department of Education. So much for graduates and ex-students.
-----------------------------------------------------
CARLISLE ARROW
vol. 10, #24, p. 4 1914

Miguel de Jesus Martinez, one of our Porto Rican students, writes from San Sebastian, P.R., that he is postmaster and collector of internal Revenue.

A reception was then held in Alumni Hall, both in honor of General Pratt and to open
-----------------------------------------------------
THE CARLISLE ARROW -A WEEKLY LETTER TO OUR PEOPLE
October 16, 1914

Alumni Hall, and many of the Gen-eral's friends from town were invited, together with the school employees. The rooms were simply decorated in aprofusion of ferns and potted plants. A large picture of General Pratt graced the walls, and Hopi plaques and pictures of all the graduating classes were placed upon the railing in both the reception and banquet rooms, and Navajo rugs covered the floors. Here and there library-sized tables were placed about and on each of these a fern or plant reposed. Refreshments of ice cream and cake were served throughout the evening. The following graduates were pres-ent and in the receiving line:

Nellie Robertson Denny, Class 1890.
Charles E. Dagenett, 1891.
Emily Peake Robitaille, 1893.
Antonio Lubo, 1904.
Angeles Rivera, 1904.
Wallace Denny, 1906.
Elizabeth Baird, 1908.
Alfred DeGrasse, 1911.
Gustavus Welch, 1912.
Francis Eastman, 1913.
Stella Bradly, 1913.
Sadie Ingalls, 1913.
Fred Broker, 1914.

General Pratt remained until the following morning when a breakfast was served in his honor in the Do-mestic Science room by the girls under the direction of Mrs. Ewing, who acted as hostess. Seated with General Pratt were Mr. and Mrs. Lipps, Mr. Dagenett, Mr. and Mrs. DeHuff, Dr. and Mrs. Rentdorff, and Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths.

About 10 o'clock a. m., General Pratt, in company with Judge and Mrs. Biddle, of Carlisle, motored to Harrisburg, on his way back to Washington, made happier, nodoubt, by his visit to Carlisle as were they who were left behind.
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 Suggested Reading and References
  • Record of Graduates and Returned Students, U. S. Indian School, Carlisle, PA. National Archives, Washington, D. C.; Information about the Puerto Rican students can be found in  Record Group 75 File 1327. NARA is the only repository where the actual Carlisle Indian School records are housed.
  • 1910 United States Federal Population Census
  • Telling Stories Out of School: Remembering The Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1879-1918; Genevieve Bell; 1998; Doctoral thesis. Stanford University
  • An Indian in Spite of Myself; Juan Jose Osuna; Summer School Review, Vol. X, Num. 5, 1932.
  • Cumberland County Historical Society, 21 N. Pitt St., P.O.Box 626, Carlisle, PA 17013; (717) 249-7610 or 249-6931 FAX (717) 258-9332
  • Una visita al Indian School. The Puerto Rico Herald, Año 1, Número 10, 14 de septiembre 1901; Luis Muñoz Rivera
  • Acculturation Under Duress: The Puerto Rican Experience at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School 1898-1918; Pablo Navarro-Rivera, Associate Professor at Lesley University in Cambridge, MA.

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