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Toa Baja, Puerto Rico

     
  Census Records
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In the case of Puerto Rico, the oldest census that we know off is the "Census of Lando" of 1530. Julio Damian Cosimi has published an interesting study and analysis of these documents.

Throughout centuries XVI and XVII documents exits that have information relative to the population of Puerto Rico although this generally is fragmented and incomplete.

Next, we shared with you the data and information that we have found hoping that it will be useful to you.

Many Happy Discoveries!

En el caso de Puerto Rico, el censo más antiguo, de que se tiene noticia, es el "Censo de Lando" de 1530. Julio Damian Cosimi ha publicado un interesante estudio y análisis de estos documentos.

A lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII exiten documentos que nos van dando información relativa a la población de Puerto Rico aunque esta es por lo general fragmentada e incompleta.

A continuación, compartimos con ustedes los datos e información que hemos encontrado esperando les sean de utilidad.

Suerte!

   

Census Information in Chronological Order

   

Unless otherwise stated, items on this
 section are only for our members.


 External Links 
     
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1529 - According to this census, there were 71 white "Vecinos" in the Island. Vecino was the name given to the head of the family.  They used to count five people per "vecino".  So, in this census, there were 375 people; 298 single whites single; 497 free Indians; 1,040 slave Indias and 2,077 black slaves, 421 of those were women.

1673 - A census of San Juan was done by Obispo Bartolome Garcia de Escañuela  as follows:

Padrón de 1673 (San Juan)

    Blancos Esclavos Pardos Libres
  Casas
 
 Muje-
  res
 Hom-
  bres
 Muje-
  res
 Hom-
  bres
 Muje-
  res
 Hom-
  bres
De la Fortaleza 78 157 90 129 56 33 14
De la Concepcion y Santa
       Catalina

48

114

54

59

21

51

18
De Santo Domingo o de los
        Bobos
17 43 14 45 21 13 10
De San Cristobal y la
        Carniceria

17

40

23

54

30

43

14
De la Iglesia 38 79 40 59 40 15 10
De la Plaza a Santiago 61
110
56
99
54
61
22

TOTAL  

259

543

277

445

222

216   

88   

Resume Mujeres Hombres Total
Blancos
Esclavos
Pardos Libres

543
445
216


277
222
88


820
667
304


TOTALS  

1,204

587 1,791
   Source: Breve Historia de PR, Vol 1, Loida Figueroa, page 103  

 

1765 - First official census of the Island. Carlos III sent Field Marshal Alejandro O'Reilly to Puerto Rico, to assess the state of the defenses of that colony. O'Reilly, known today as the "father of the Puerto Rican militia," took a very complete census of the Island.

At this time, population turned out to be of 44,883.


Alejandro O'Reilly

1775 - Population in Puerto Rico


Source: Archivo General de Indias, Audiencia de Santo Domingo, legajo 2396

1776 - Censo

  Blancos Pardos
Libres
Negros
Libres
Agregados
Vecinos
Sus mujeres
Hijos
Hijas

5,376
4,663
9,929
9,295

5,196
6,149
11,349
11,114

693
530
858
722

Hombres  3,384
Mujeres   3,153
Esclavos Hombres
Mujeres

3,384
3,153

   

Total General - De Almas 70,260
Esclavos   6,487

   Source: Breve Historia de PR, Vol 1, Loida Figueroa, page 133  

1800 - Total population in Puerto Rico according to this census was 155,426 individuals. In 1812, the slave population in the Island was 17,536 more or less the same as in 1794. Altogether, a little bit more than twenty censuses between 1801 and 1898 are known off.

1823 - The population in Puerto Rico was 225,000 individuals.  Out of this total, 25,000 were slaves.

 

1841 - Censo de Población de Puerto Rico - This is a statistics figures only census.  You can find a copy of this census at the Archivo Histórico Nacional in Spain. Reference:  ES.28079.AHN/72.6// ULTRAMAR,1071,EXP.36

 

1846 - The San Juan 1846 census can be found in the "Fondo Municipal of San Juan" in the Archivo General de PR (AGPR). Although it is an incomplete census, it contains valuable information as the sex, age, occupation and more of the head of the family, his/her family and other individuals living in the household as servants or slaves.

1869 - Census by wards of San Germán known as "Cédulas de Vecindad y Origen" can be found in the Archivo Histórico in San Germán, box No. 47. Information captured on this census include: individuals two surnames, if whites or colored, if slave or free, age, marital status, and more.

1897 - It is our understanding that the only censuses available for the year are:

  1. The returns for Ponce that are housed at the Ponce Historic Archives and were also microfilmed by the LDS Church.
  2. Complete census for Hatillo and Arecibo and a partial census for Río Piedras are at the Archivo General de PR.
  3. The returns for San Germán are in that town's municipal archives.
  4. We have been told that the returns for San Juan were destroyed by a fire at the San Juan archives in the early 20th century.

1899 - The United States government took a population census of Puerto Rico this year. However, only the statistical report and list of supervisors and enumerators survived. The actual returns were destroyed in a fire.  We have transcribed the supervisors and enumerators list.

1910 - The first United States surviving population census is the 1910 census this being the thirteenth census of the United States. It is generally in good condition but is not indexed. You must read page by page and if not careful, can go blind in the process.

For a fee, you can peruse this census and all others from here on at any Family History Center (mormons), Ancestry.com or any other repository.  Ancestry.com have created an index (although plague with errors) that can be of some help. You can also buy a CD with the census data from some commercial companies or you can become a member of this site and peruse our on going project to partially transcribe this census and when available, add the enumerated person photo.

1920 - United States Federal Population Census - It is well indexed and readable. Available on soundex as well as copies of the original records.

Tidbits:

  1. The Panama Canal Zone was included.
  2. Individuals were not required to show proof of age, date of arrival, citizenship, or other such information.
  3. Census takers were not required to have the individual spell out the surname.
  4. Children born between January 1 and the day the enumerator arrived were not to be listed.  However, those who died before the census taker could get there were to be listed.
  5. Race was a designation based on the personal impression of the enumerator.

1930 - United States Federal Population Census - Was made available to the public on 1 April 2002. It is well indexed and readable.

1935 - A special census was conducted by the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration. Because it was a special census, it did not fall under the 72-year restriction on access for privacy reasons. It can be view at the NARA offices, some public libraries, etc.

Copy of this census is available at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in the Centro de Investigaciones Historicas (Historic Research Center) at the Pedreira building.  Last time I checked (2004), you need to make an appointment to use the facilities. Open from 8:30 AM to 4:00 PM, Monday to Friday

Contact Information:

Facultad de Humanidades
University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus
P.O. Box 23342
San Juan Puerto Rico 00931-3342
Fax (787) 763-5899 Tel (787) 760-0000
E-mail humanity@rrpac.upr.clu.edu

1940 - According to the National Archives and Records Administration the 1940 and later censuses are not available to the public use due to a statutory 72-year restriction on access for privacy reasons. (92 Stat. 915; Public Law 95-416; October 5, 1978).

It will be available to the general public in the year 2013. I will be 68 years old then and God willing, I will still be around looking for my ancestors.


2010
- I just completed the 2010 US census form that will be available in 2082.  By then I will be LONG gone so whoever reads it, I completed every required field very clearly however, as you can see on the example form to your left, there is very little genealogical information.

 

General Population Growth in Puerto Rico
(Here are two charts for you to review)

 Year   Population        Year   Population
1515

70(1)

1860

583,308

1556

500(2)

1870

600,000

1590

2,500(3)

1878

731,648

1646

8,000(4)

1882

752,389

1673

10,500(5)

1887

802,439

1765

44,883

1898

943,720

1787

103,051

1899

953,243

1777

70,260

1904

1,012,775

1800

155,426

1910

1,118,012

1815

155,426

1920

1,299,809

1834

358,836

1930

1,543,913

1838

350,000

1940

1,861,869

1846

443,139

   
(1)      70 Spaniards and a few hundred indians.
(2)    500 Spaniards and a few hundred indians and african slaves.
(3) 2,500 Spaniards and a few thousand african slaves and indians.
(4) 4,500 Spaniards and 3,500 slaves.
(5) 6,000 Spaniards and 4,500 slaves.  
   Source: Almanaque Puertorriqueño 1986, Jose A. Toro Sugrañes, pg 45  



  Percentage
Date Total
Population
  Whites Colored Whites Colored
1802

163,192

    78,281   84,911

48

52

1812

183,014

    85,662   97,352

46.8

53.2

1820

230,622

  102,432 128,190

44.4

55.6

1827

302,672

  150,311 162,361

49.7

50.3

1830

323,838

  162,311 161,527

50.1

49.9

1836

357,086

  188,869 168,217

52.9

47.1

1860

583,308

  300,406 282,775

51.5

48.5

1877

731,648

  411,712 319,936

56.3

43.7

1887

798,565

  474,933 323,632

59.5

40.5

1897

980,911

  573,187 317,724

64.3

35.7

1899

953,243

  589,426 363,817

61.8

38.2

 
   Source: Advance in the Antilles, Howard B. Grose, 1910, pg 238  
 
   Final Notes
  • There are a lot of censuses prior to 1900.  Some are called "Censos", "Censos de Almas", "Padrones", etc.  They are not well organized and are very general with very little detail that can help us identify ancestors.
     
  • For census information prior to 1910, you must look at Spanish colonial census records of Puerto Rico and at municipal records.  Some records are stored at the Archivo General in San Juan, PR, others are located in the Municipalities archives of the town and yet others are in Spain archives.
   To Our Visitors

If you are aware of any additional information than what we present here, it will be very much appreciated if you can share it with us so that we can update this page for the benefit of others.

Thank you!

   Suggested Reading and References
 
  • Informe Sobre el Censo de Puerto Rico, 1899; Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia; 2003; ISBN: 0-94-2347-75-7. This is a facsimile edition of the 1900 original publication.

Last Update July 29, 2010
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